Joseon Plum-and-Bamboo Porcelain Jar at the National Museum of Korea
This late-sixteenth-century Joseon white porcelain jar, 41.3 cm tall, is held at the National Museum of Korea and painted in iron underglaze with plum and bamboo on its shoulders. The article explains why the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture presumes the painting is the work of a court painter rather than the potter.
Language
Most museum labels tell you what a pot is. This one carries an inference about who held the brush.
From the mature hand of the plum-and-bamboo design in particular, the painting is presumed to be the work of a court painter.
Not the potter. A 화원 — a painter of the court bureau — brought in to draw on a vessel.
The jar is held at the National Museum of Korea in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. This page sets out what to look for in front of it, and why both its date and its painter are presumptions rather than documented facts.
At a glance
41.3 cm tall
Mouth 19 cm across, base 21.5 cm. The body swells from the shoulder and narrows gradually below.
Painted in iron
Iron pigment under the glaze, worked with variations of tone rather than as a flat line.
Gwangju, Gyeonggi
Presumed made in the later sixteenth century at kiln sites such as Gwaneum-ri in Gwangju-gun.
An early one
It is an early example among iron-painted white porcelain jars.
How the date was reached
There is no year on this jar. The date is assembled from four separate observations, and it is worth seeing them listed because this is what dating a pot actually looks like.
From the outward-rolled mouth, the unusual cloud pattern on the neck, the plum-and-bamboo design and the bright glaze colour, it is presumed to have been made in the later sixteenth century at kiln sites such as Gwaneum-ri in Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi Province.
A lip shape, a neck pattern, a subject and a colour. Four weak signals pointing the same way.
The shape is cross-referenced in both directions in time and space. This jar form appears in sixteenth-century buncheong ware and resembles Chinese jars of the Ming period, while the patterns applied at the shoulder and lower part continue into the first half of the seventeenth century.
And one honest caveat is built into the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture's entry: the mouth has been repaired, so it is not certain, though it rolls outward. One of the four dating signals is on a restored part. The encyclopedia says so rather than quietly using it.
Iron, and the jars that used cobalt instead
Plum and bamboo is not an unusual subject on Joseon porcelain. What varies is what it was painted with, and the Korea Heritage Service's open registry makes the split visible.
Among National Treasure white porcelain jars, the iron-painted plum-and-bamboo jar and the iron-painted grape-and-monkey jar are administered by the National Museum of Korea, and the iron-painted grape jar by the Ewha Womans University Museum. The cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jar is administered by the Samsung Foundation of Culture, and a lidded cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jar by the Horim Museum.
Same two plants, twice, in two different pigments, all designated. This jar is on the iron side, and it is an early example among iron-painted white porcelain jars — which is part of why it is a National Treasure rather than simply a good pot.
Why a painter on a pot is the point
Read the encyclopedia's summing-up slowly:
a work in which the plum and bamboo, skilfully rendered in iron pigment with variations of tone over a bold, full form, suit the shape of the vessel.
Variations of tone. That is a painter's vocabulary, not a decorator's. Iron under a glaze can be laid flat, and here it is not — the pigment is worked light and dark, which is how ink behaves on paper.
That technical observation is what carries the conclusion about a court painter. It is offered as a presumption, and this article keeps it as one: nobody signed the jar. But it changes what the object is evidence of. A pot painted by a potter tells you about a kiln. A pot painted by a court painter tells you that the kiln and the court bureau were close enough to lend each other people.
The Joseon overview covers the dynasty this belongs to.
Where it is
The Encyclopedia of Korean Culture gives the jar as held by the National Museum of Korea. Hours and directions are on the museum's place page, and the article about the museum explains how the galleries are laid out.
As with any museum object, that is where the piece is held. Ceramics are less light-sensitive than manuscripts and more likely to be on long-term display, but this article does not promise a specific case on a specific day. The museum's opening hours and closing days are below; check its gallery information before you go.
National Museum of Korea opening hours
| National Museum of Korea · Mon·Tue·Thu·Fri·Sun | 09:30–17:30last entry 17:00 |
|---|---|
| National Museum of Korea · Wed·Sat | 09:30–21:00last entry 20:30 |
| Outdoor exhibition garden · Every day | 07:00–22:00 |
The permanent galleries and Special Exhibition Halls 1-2 close on the first Monday of March, June, September and December - 1 June, 7 September and 7 December in 2026, with no March closure. For the summer opening of 27 July - 17 August 2026 the museum runs longer at both ends: 09:00-18:00 with last entry 17:30, and 09:00-21:00 on Wednesday and Saturday with last entry 20:30. On the scheduled rest days the permanent and special exhibition halls close but the outdoor exhibition ground opens as normal. Whether it opens on the full closure days is not stated by the operator.
What to look for
Look for the tonal range in the painting rather than the drawing. Follow one bamboo leaf from its base to its tip and see whether the iron goes from dark to pale along it. Then find the neck: the cloud pattern there is described as unusual, and it is one of the four features the dating rests on. Then look at the mouth, and remember it has been repaired.
Where to follow this up
National Museum of Korea
The National Museum of Korea, which holds this jar.
National Palace Museum of Korea
The National Palace Museum of Korea, for what the Joseon court commissioned and kept.
National Folk Museum of Korea
The National Folk Museum of Korea, for the vessels people actually used.
Leeum Museum of Art
Leeum Museum of Art — the Samsung Foundation of Culture administers the cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jar.
Frequently asked questions
How big is it?
41.3 cm tall, with a mouth 19 cm across and a base 21.5 cm across.
Who painted it?
It is not signed. The encyclopedia presumes the painting to be the work of a court painter, reasoning from the mature hand of the plum-and-bamboo design. That is a presumption, not a documented attribution.
How is it dated?
By four features together — the outward-rolled mouth, the unusual cloud pattern on the neck, the plum-and-bamboo subject, and the bright glaze colour. From these it is presumed to be later sixteenth century, from kilns such as Gwaneum-ri in Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi Province.
What is the difference between iron-painted and cobalt-blue jars?
The pigment. The registry designates both kinds separately: this jar is iron-painted and held by the National Museum of Korea, while cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jars are administered by the Samsung Foundation of Culture and the Horim Museum.
Where can I see it?
The National Museum of Korea holds it. Displays rotate, so check the museum's gallery information if you are travelling to see this specific jar.
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Official sources (2)
- Fact check: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture — White Porcelain Jar with Plum and Bamboo Design in Iron Underglaze (designated a National Treasure in 1974; height 41.3 cm, mouth diameter 19 cm, base diameter 21.5 cm; held by the National Museum of Korea; the mouth has been repaired so is not certain but rolls outward, and the body swells generously from the sloping neck and the shoulder before narrowing gradually; this jar form appears in sixteenth-century buncheong ware and resembles Chinese jars of the Ming period, while the patterns applied at the shoulder and lower part continue into the first half of the seventeenth century; from the outward-rolled mouth, the unusual cloud pattern on the neck, the plum-and-bamboo design and the bright glaze colour it is presumed to have been made in the later sixteenth century at kiln sites such as Gwaneum-ri in Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi Province; from the mature hand of the plum-and-bamboo design in particular, the painting is presumed to be the work of a court painter; it is an early example among iron-painted white porcelain jars, and is counted an excellent work in which the plum and bamboo, skilfully rendered in iron pigment with variations of tone over a bold, full form, suit the shape of the vessel)
- Fact check: Korea Heritage Service open registry — National Treasures whose names contain 백자 include the iron-painted plum-and-bamboo jar and the iron-painted grape-and-monkey jar, both administered by the National Museum of Korea; the iron-painted grape jar, administered by the Ewha Womans University Museum; the cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jar, administered by the Samsung Foundation of Culture; and the lidded cobalt-blue plum-and-bamboo jar, administered by the Horim Museum